What differentiates a rifle from a shotgun?

The distinguishing feature between a rifle and a shotgun lies in the design of their barrels. A rifle has rifling within its barrel, which consists of spiral grooves cut into the interior. This rifling causes the bullet to spin as it travels down the barrel, stabilizing the projectile in flight and increasing accuracy over long distances.

In contrast, a shotgun usually has a smooth barrel without rifling, which allows it to fire a spread of shot or multiple pellets rather than a single bullet. This design is effective for hunting birds and small game since the spread increases the likelihood of hitting a moving target.

Understanding barrel design is essential for recognizing the intended uses and capabilities of each type of firearm, which can impact decision-making regarding safety, handling, and application in various hunting scenarios.